Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease worldwide, annually affecting more than 500,000 new individuals, an incidence that is definitely an underestimate given that brucellosis remains under-diagnosed and under-reported in several endemic countries, and an emerging zoonosis in EU countries.
Brucellosis is caused by facultative intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella that have domestic animals, mainly goats, sheep and cows, as natural reservoirs. The disease is transmitted to humans by consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products or by occupational contact with infected animals. Additionally, Brucella is highly infectious through aerosol route, thus is considered as one of the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens and is also classified as category B agent on the biodefense list.
Human brucellosis causes high clinical morbidity and protean clinical manifestations, mimicking many infectious and non-infectious diseases, as any organ can be affected. Despite early diagnosis and prolonged combination therapy with antibiotics is associated with substantial residual disability. Up to 30% of patients develop chronic disease, which is characterized by atypical clinical picture, high frequency of focal complications (eg spondylitis), chronic fatigue syndrome and relapses.
Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease worldwide, annually affecting more than 500,000 new individuals, an incidence that is definitely an underestimate given that brucellosis remains under-diagnosed and under-reported in several endemic countries, and an emerging zoonosis in EU countries.
Brucellosis is caused by facultative intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella that have domestic animals, mainly goats, sheep and cows, as natural reservoirs. The disease is transmitted to humans by consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products or by occupational contact with infected animals. Additionally, Brucella is highly infectious through aerosol route, thus is considered as one of the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens and is also classified as category B agent on the biodefense list.
Human brucellosis causes high clinical morbidity and protean clinical manifestations, mimicking many infectious and non-infectious diseases, as any organ can be affected. Despite early diagnosis and prolonged combination therapy with antibiotics is associated with substantial residual disability. Up to 30% of patients develop chronic disease, which is characterized by atypical clinical picture, high frequency of focal complications (eg spondylitis), chronic fatigue syndrome and relapses.
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Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease worldwide, annually affecting more than 500,000 new individuals, an incidence that is definitely an underestimate given that brucellosis remains under-diagnosed and under-reported in several endemic countries, and an emerging zoonosis in EU countries.
Brucellosis is caused by facultative intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella that have domestic animals, mainly goats, sheep and cows, as natural reservoirs. The disease is transmitted to humans by consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products or by occupational contact with infected animals. Additionally, Brucella is highly infectious through aerosol route, thus is considered as one of the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens and is also classified as category B agent on the biodefense list.
Human brucellosis causes high clinical morbidity and protean clinical manifestations, mimicking many infectious and non-infectious diseases, as any organ can be affected. Despite early diagnosis and prolonged combination therapy with antibiotics is associated with substantial residual disability. Up to 30% of patients develop chronic disease, which is characterized by atypical clinical picture, high frequency of focal complications (eg spondylitis), chronic fatigue syndrome and relapses.
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